Types of Tone in Writing Help to Set the Right Mood in Your Paper

Sorts of Tone in Writing Help to Set the Right Mood in Your Paper Nine Types of Tone in Writing The inquiry if there a tone recorded as a hard copy and how to pick the correct one may appear to be simple however the appropriate responses van be somewhat perplexing. Communicating in straightforward language, tone recorded as a hard copy is the manner in which author picks specific words or word mixes so as to pass on perceptions applicable to the talked about subject in a non-verbal way. Tone assists with giving realities a specific disposition utilizing feelings and writer’s individual point of view. It assists with making a one of a kind air. Normally essayist utilizes the tone reciprocally. Sorts of tone recorded as a hard copy are extraordinary. The voice of an author alludes to their character viewpoint. Journalists utilize the tone with a plan to pass on their own demeanor in regards to the subject they expound on. In the event that an essayist joins the tone along with the voice, it very well may be viewed as a specific composing style; and the author has a full option to call it his own one of a kind style. Famous Nine Types of Tone in Writing Any disposition, feeling, or viewpoint can be viewed as a reason for a specific composing tone. On the off chance that an essayist is eager to think of a descriptor, it tends to be viewed as a tone. As it were, on the off chance that you see the tone as something explicit, you will utilize a limitless number of them. Obviously it appears to be too mind boggling to even think about starting making your own sorts of tone. That is the reason composing tones have been isolated into nine primary sorts. Beneath you will have the option to become acquainted with about them in more detail. Happy tome. At the point when you pick it, you have to concentrate on great feelings. At the point when you drink or eat something that you appreciate, you feel glad. At the point when you are overpowered with adoration, you feel upbeat. Essayists apply this composing tone In request to depict the cheerful emotions and make positive experience between their characters and perusers. Genuine tone. Essayists make a specific degree of tension inside their peruser when they utilize this tone. It assists with expanding readers’ center and see the content with all reality. Funny tone. This tone accomplishes something beyond making perusers giggle. Some of the time, amusing tone is use to cause individuals to examine about complex subjects in a sheltered manner. Normally authors bring their perusers into a specific story with the point of drawing in them with realities or perspectives that appear to be significant for the essayist. Pitiful composing tone. Individuals feel dismal at some point. This inclination is inescapable for us. Regularly, miserable minutes help to characterize what your identity is. Tragic tone recorded as a hard copy causes perusers to stay drew in with the story in view of the felling of compassion. Formal tone.It is utilized in scholarly writing in most case. Basic language just as realities are utilized in this tone. Normally sincere belief isn't required in position tone. Casual tone. The primary goal of this tone is to stay casual. This tone can be conversational. Hopeful tone. In spite of every single terrible thing that happen regularly a few people will in general think constructive. The above articulation can be a case of positive composing tone. Skeptical tone. Every single awful thing that individuals involvement with their life don't make them feel that something will change for better. This announcement is a genuine case of cynical tone recorded as a hard copy. Repulsiveness tone. It is compromising in its very nature. It tends to all people’s fears and makes them face their most unnerving considerations. Presently you have a deep understanding of nine composing tones. In any case, it doesn't imply that you have to utilize just them. You are allowed to make your own tones and create them. You can't depict a character who is hopeful all the time since it won't look practical. Stay adaptable and utilize various tones recorded as a hard copy. You ought to likewise recall that the book, the account or a short story ought to have its general tone. In the event that you abuse various tones in a single composition, the peruser may get confounded and he/she will essentially neglect to comprehend what you need to clarify. Along these lines, be cautious with the composing tones. That is the reason it is vital to get to know composing tones earlier you choose to begin composing your story or novel. At the point when you pick the proper style and tone of composing, it will be simpler for you to speak with the possible peruser. You will pass on all that you need effortlessly and the peruser will feel the association with the characters.

Cadbury Integrated Marketing Communication

Cadbury Integrated Marketing Communication Official Summaryonal organization which makes an assortment of cocoa items which are known and sold all through the world. This paper gives an Integrated Marketing Communication plan that is planned for advancing the prospective rollout of another excellent dim chocolate by Cadbury in the Australian market. The paper initiates by taking a gander at Cadbury in general its present promoting system and situating in the worldwide confectionary industry before narrowing down to Australia. The advertising and correspondence plan addresses issues like; the ramifications of propelling the new premium chocolate item in its Australian market, the various sizes and novel bundling along with the particular limited time procedures. The paper additionally investigates showcase rivalry and how to battle the as of now propelled Rondnoir dull chocolate item by Ferreros (a rival) in October 2009. Different advertising fixings will likewise be examined and some will be prescribed because of their focal points in boosting the new item showcase position. At long last there is an execution plan on how the new item will be dispersed to the different outlets so as to arrive at the essential objective market of center to high society individuals beyond 25 years old. Cadburys serious situating will be founded vigorously on its notoriety in the commercial center with current items. Its similar taste and quality fixings will likewise be a situating advantage. The new item will be solely dispersed through all significant general store chains, blessing stores, stores, specific coffeehouse establishments and significant retail establishments. Presentation Cadbury is the world driving confectionary organization with a magnificent arrangement of gum, confections, and obviously chocolates. The organization is presumed for making brands like Cadbury, Halls and Trident. The organization began in 1824 by John Cadbury, from that point forward the organization has ventured into a worldwide. Cadburys vision is to be the universes greatest and best confectionary organization. The organization has more than 35,000 providers (immediate and backhanded) and utilizes more than 50,000 individuals all around, it is an unpredictable association. The companys units centers around business activities these are in: The US, Britain, Ireland, South America, Middle East and Africa, Europe, Asia and the Pacific district. The plan of action includes various classification drove activities: Commercial, Supply Chain the executives, Science and Technology, Human Resources and Corporate undertakings, Strategy, lawful and secretariat, Finance and IT. This specific structure is very much coordinated to convey the Groups business destinations and worldwide development. Purchaser investigation Cadbury advertising methodologies and procedures are engaged towards being the best in execution, while staying in contact with the districts business activities. The worldwide confectionary showcase is huge, growing and with appealing elements. Cadbury is evaluated to have a retail estimation of about $141 billion. The fundamental class is chocolate speaking to the greater part of the universes confectionary showcase. Internationally, the confectionary advertise is developing at the pace of 5 percent more than some other bundled nourishments. Created markets represent more than 67 percent of the worldwide market. The most well known reaches are: Cadbury Dairy Milk, Eclairs, Halls, Trident, Flake, Clorets, Dentyne, Hollywood, Crã ¨me Egg, Stimorol and Bubbaloo. Cadburys has figured out how to make the correct range that is accessible to all and for all. Cadbury is a market chief in numerous business sectors in a couple of classifications. In Australia, their quality is in chocolate and candy. Chocolate remains the most mainstream class with purchasers looking for a specific preference for every one of the business sectors. Cadbury Australia SWOT investigation Inside condition (S)trengths Cadbury is the biggest candy parlor organization with a piece of the overall industry approximated at 10 percent. The organization likewise appreciates a solid monetary position. Also, Cadbury is capable in its assembling procedure because of a solid brand name and initiative in development. The companys producing center around chocolate, candy, and biting gum has helped the organization to comprehend extraordinary customer fragments. The companys obtaining technique since 2003 when it procured Adams has helped it to extend to new markets. (W)eaknesses Cadbury exclusively relies upon candy parlors and refreshments for its incomes while a portion of its principle rivals, for example, Nestle have enhanced their item portfolio. This produces more benefits that can be furrowed back and additionally put resources into RD. different contenders have significantly more grounded supranational experience, Cadbury on the opposite side has significantly been solid in Europe. Cadbury must keep on improving its quality and comprehension of developing markets so as to stay serious. Outer condition (T)hreats All around, ecological expenses are rising particularly expenses of vitality, bundling, cocoa, bundling, transport and sugar. In this way the organization ought to find its worldwide flexibly chains with ease territories. Weight from contenders particularly marked providers prompts greater expenses of publicizing. This is showed as far as value wars and forceful showcasing. What's more, cultural changes because of expanded instances of obesty and calorie couonting have additionally influenced the interest for Cadbury items. (O)pportunities The candy parlor showcase is notable for a high the penchant to combine or obtain, this is an open door for Cadbury to expand its piece of the overall industry through acquisitions. There are likewise new markets in exceptionally populated nations, for example, China and India where interest for confectionary is expanding. So as to get by in the FMCG showcase, cost minimization is significant. Cadbury can additionally decrease costs through redistributing, expanding flexibly chain proficiency, and judicious interest in R D. advancement is imperative to reacting to customer inclinations. This can be accomplished by the creation of sugar free gums and Cadbury premium chocolate for treats and happiness. Industry Analysis Cadbury works three Australian sweet shop production lines; two are in Melbourne, one in Hobart, Tasmania, and one in Dunedin, New Zealand. The exceptional chocolate showcase is very worthwhile in Australia and Cadbury needs to lift its picture from only a regular chocolate to one that permits the shopper to ruin themselves and the ones they love. The item can likewise be utilized as endowments to intrigue. The essential objective market is center to privileged individuals beyond 25 years old. Contender examination The new scaled down chocolates is being acquainted with counter the Rondnoir dim chocolate propelled by Ferrero in 2009. Since the item is targets center and privileged purchasers who are more than 25 years it will highlight an assortment of fillings and bundled remarkably. Coordinated Marketing Communication plan (IMC) Incorporated Marketing Communications is characterized as, the utilization of various media channels to enhance the viability of promoting interchanges programs (Schultz et al., 1993). For Cadbury, brand correspondences is an impression of inferred esteems and the companys picture reliably. The utilization of IMC has assembled ubiquity in light of the perception that advertising correspondence offers the main manageable upper hand of showcasing associations (Schultz et al., 1993, pp. 47). Since the organzation has different types of correspondence available to its, any of these can be utilized, the ultimate objective being to impact the conduct of focused fragment (Shimp 1997, pp. 13). As Percy et al. placed that individuals for the most part see all promoting interchanges as publicizing (2001: v). Expanded brand showcasing has made the promoting medium less significant when contrasted with the brand character. Surely, promoting specialists have contended that setting a paid-for advertisement in a mass medium has less effect than a very much coordinated item position in a prominent game sponsorship bargain or even a film. Coordinated publicizing programs use the various characteristics of media in an interchanges barrage that is painstakingly intended to extend reliable brand esteems regardless of the correspondence source experienced by the shopper. The utilization of advertising correspondences (particularly data innovations) has been connected with the development of worldwide business. Worldwide brands are presently crossing fringes and are reverberating with buyers of more nations. Broad communications, over the-line (ATL) promoting is viewed as a key constituent of advertising correspondences. It is the sort of correspondence that whenever utilized well can change the fortunes of organizations, make new brands and reform the whole markets. Albeit most chiefs are as yet clutching this view, there is a solid case for promoting from an incorporated point of view with the acknowledgment of the way that brand correspondences leads in the pragmatic improvement of coordinated imaginative executions and media procedures. Market target The essential objective market is center to high society individuals beyond 25 years old. Its serious situating will be founded vigorously on Cadburys notoriety in the commercial center with current items. Purpose of contrast The scaled down chocolates will highlight an assortment of fillings and boxed particularly. It will be upmarket from Cadburys current Milk Tray boxed chocolate extend. Situating Strategy The whole situating system can be summed up as follows; The admirers of chocolate are presently ready to appreciate a top notch taste that has been painstakingly intended to give the most significant level of fulfillment that no other chocolate has ever reached. This isn't simply chocolate, it is a text to sweethearts with a sweet I love you on their tongue. Correspondence Objectives Item mindfulness: To accomplish a base 25% preliminary rate inside the total objective market inside the initial a year of the dispatch. Enthusiasm: To accomplish a re-buy pattern of at the very least one month among a min

Transfer App Is Live

Transfer App Is Live Ahoy! I hope you arrr having a great September. The MIT Transfer Application is live and available for download. A few important notes and reminders: The transfer application deadline is November 15. (There will be another cycle in the Spring with a February 15 deadline.) There is no online application for MIT transfer. To apply, you should print, complete, and mail the MIT Transfer Application to MIT Admissions. Students who are admitted in this transfer cycle would begin MIT in the Spring Semester of 2013. (See the Academic Calendar.) This deadline is only available for US citizens and permanent residents. Students without US citizenship or permanent residency should apply in the Spring for entry in the Fall of 2013. To enter MIT as a transfer student, you must have completed at least 1 but no more than 2.5 years at another university. Transfer admission is extremely competitive. The answers to many of your questions can be found on the Transfer Admissions section of our website. What questions do you have that we can help with? Best wishes for your application!

Transfer App Is Live

Transfer App Is Live Ahoy! I hope you arrr having a great September. The MIT Transfer Application is live and available for download. A few important notes and reminders: The transfer application deadline is November 15. (There will be another cycle in the Spring with a February 15 deadline.) There is no online application for MIT transfer. To apply, you should print, complete, and mail the MIT Transfer Application to MIT Admissions. Students who are admitted in this transfer cycle would begin MIT in the Spring Semester of 2013. (See the Academic Calendar.) This deadline is only available for US citizens and permanent residents. Students without US citizenship or permanent residency should apply in the Spring for entry in the Fall of 2013. To enter MIT as a transfer student, you must have completed at least 1 but no more than 2.5 years at another university. Transfer admission is extremely competitive. The answers to many of your questions can be found on the Transfer Admissions section of our website. What questions do you have that we can help with? Best wishes for your application!

Methodology And Procedures Used In The Lp - 754 Words

The methodology and procedures employed in the LULC study included reviewing previous studies specific to the study area, interpretation and analysis of recent and middle-aged satellite images, NDVI and DNDVI analysis, preliminary land use and land cover classification and mapping, field and signature data collection and verification, and post land cover mapping (methodology Fig.2). During pre-fieldwork, the images were rectified and enhanced to create a more realistic representation of the scene and land cover signatures. Geospatial data uncertainty resulted from image resampling, percent cloud cover, assumptions of homogeneity, and physical properties of feature of interest were improved by applying geometric and radiometric corrections†¦show more content†¦Image resampling involves the conversion of satellite imagery at a relatively fine scale to a more coarse spatial resolution with imagery from similar or different satellite sensor with varying spatial resolution. 17 Th e choice of the resampling method depends, among others, on the ratio between input and output pixel size and the purpose of the resampled image (Bakker, et al., 2004). In this research, Landsat TM images were resampled using the nearest neighbor resampling technique to preserve the original image radiometric information (Serra, X, Sauri, 2003)(Serra et al., 2003. In addition, Nearest neighbor assigns the digital number, DN (fig..x), value of the closest original pixel to the new pixel by retaining all spectral information for efficient image classification ((Parker, Kenyon, Troxel, 1983). (Bakker, et al., 2004). Fig. DN valklues Classification and land cover mapping Various classification methods have been developed to extract information from imageries. The two main types are pixel and object-based methods. Pixel-based methods can be cluster based unsupervised or supervised classification whereas the later uses statistical (e.g., maximum likelihood algorism) and non-statistical algorithms (e.g., support vector machines) (Lu, Li, Kuang, Moran, 2014). The object-based classification which overcomes some of the particular problems encountered with pixel-based classification (Blaschke, 2010) was used to analyzeShow MoreRelatedGps Limitations And Limitations Of Gps1304 Words   |  6 Pagespractical or available in many cases. 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In a different approach, researcher used fuzzy multi-attribute utility methodology and justifying it with computational analysis to provide an alternate solution to the problem. A research focusing on principle of genetic algorithms, results in development of VBA macro programs which uses the total project costRead MoreThe Signal Data Obtained Through The Measurement Phase1818 Words   |  8 Pages The signal data obtained in the measurement phase is then used to approximate the position of the target node. Since, due to many factors range data often gets attenuated by noisy signal measurements, optimization methods are to be employed to filter the noise and arrive at a more definite position estimate. Lateration:When ranges between anchor nodes and the mobile node can be determined, lateration is used to estimate position [35]. 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Corporate Finance - 1661 Words

Corporate finance When investors prefer low dividend payout and what is the relation between dividend payout and cash flow (what will increase and what will decrease when using low dividend payment?) Dividend payout ratio refers to the amount of earnings of a particular company that seeks to issue out to its investors in the form of cash dividends. Dividends payouts may vary depending on the industry and a low dividend payout may signify a good thing or a bad thing. Investors who may opt for a low dividend payout may mean that they are willing to allow the company plough back its annual earnings for the purpose of capital growth of the company they have invested in as well as capital gains incur lower tax rates. It may show that the investors are willing to forgo part of their dividends to generate greater returns which lead to higher stock market prices (Sedzro 2010). On the bad side, it may mean that the company does not have enough capital to pay dividends to its investors. 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Which one of the following terms is defined as the management of a firm s long-term investments? A. working capital management B. financial allocation C. agency cost analysis D. capital budgeting E. capital structure Refer to section 1.1 AACSB: N/A Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 1-1 Section: 1.1 Topic: Capital budgeting Read MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. 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The True Story About Write My Essay Research Paper That the Experts Dont Want You to Hear

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Taxation Law Guide to International Tax

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law for Guide to International Tax. Answer: 1. Case Analysis Peta bought a house in Kew two years ago and it had two ol tennis courts in the backyard that needed renovation. She made the purchase with the intention of making a living in the house with her family while constructing three units on the old tennis courts and make profit by selling them (Fong, and Pinto, 2006). In the current assessment year she received an offer from the tennis club who showed interest in the old tennis court provided it was renovated. Peta accepted the offer and changed her earlier plan. She renovated the tennis court by incurring expense of $100,000 that involved resurfacing and building new fences around the tennis court. She sold the renovated tennis court to the tennis club amounting to $600,000. Ignoring the capital gains tax whether the receipts of the above amount is ordinary income under s 6-5 According to s6-5 as stated in the Income tax assessment act 1997 any income based on ordinary concepts can be part of assessable income. There is no proper definition of ordinary concepts but normally all amounts earned that people consider it to income normally and that find it suitable in the concept of income in the common law (Fong, and Pinto, 2006). The three components that is normally included in the ordinary income are explained below. The income derived from personal effort and it includes the remuneration earned in the form of salary and wages by the tax payer. The income derived from property and it includes rent received from house property, interest and dividends. The income earned for conducting business and commerce and it include retail sales and trading and farming activity. The components described above is part of assessable income it is essential to differentiate between each of them as certain deduction are related to which group of income it is deducted from, such as if tax payer is conducting any business (Nethercott, Richardson, and Devos, 2010). The above case is an isolated transaction and that is generally termed as the first limb of myers and it states if any business deal conducted with the objective of making profit the proceeds from such deal will be treated as ordinary income under s6-5 business (Nethercott, Richardson, and Devos, 2010). On the other hand if the first limb of myers to be applied it is essential that the objective of making profit during the time of purchase of an asset also needs to be congruent with the means by which the profit was made from the deal eventually. According to Myers, it is mandatory that business deal and profit making intention to be explained to consider the sale to be an ordinary income. In the case of Peta who is not involved in business, it is essential that profit making intention needs to be established at the time of purchase of the property (Fong, C., 2002). From the case analysis above it is evident that that Peta does have the profit making intention as she planned to develop three units in the old tennis court and make profit by selling them when she bought the house two year ago. Thus there can be an argument that the profit making intention existed in the above case. On the other hand it is also evident from the case that the plan made originally was not executed accordingly. In the process of application of Myers it makes it mandatory to explain that the profit making intention continued to exist in the new plan that was executed (Fong, C., 2002). Contrary to this there can an argument that the original profit m aking intention was discarded and the new proposition provided the mere realisation for Peta to make the new deal at the price that is possibly best as established in the case of Westfield. As evident from the case analysis that the tennis club next door approached Peta with the offer establish the fact that there was a change in the plan made by Peta . Thus it can strongly debated that the original profit making intention was discarded This can be contradicted by the commissioner supported by the evidence stated in TR92/3 AT (55-58) and present an argument that assessment would be done on the amount earned provided the tax payer The property was acquired with the objective of profit making intention by any method identified most appropriate and later profit is derived by any method that was executed with the original profit making intention (Barkoczy et al., 2010); The property was acquired by consider multiple methods and means of profit making and execute any of the method considered in the profit making process; or The transaction was undertaken with the objective of profit making by one specific approach but practically derives the profit by some other approach. The AAT stated with respect to the case 1(1999) 99 ATC 101 the related statement of TR 92/3 does not hold true and needs to be written again. That leads to the argument that what is stand of the High court in Myer? Case 1 of 1999 revolved around the profit making intention but in the practical sense the profit making was derived using some other approach. The verdict of the High court was that it was non assessable for tax purpose (Barkoczy et al., 2010). Again according to the case of FCT v Haass (1999) 99 the verdict of the court was the amount was assessable on the ground that the profit was derived by a method that was different slightly to the method actually planned. On the other hand if the tax payer had an intention to profit making by considering multiple methods even though any of the method considered in the profit making process. Thus from the above discussion of the section related with Income tax assessment act 1997 and the case first limb of Myers the receipt of $600,000 is not ordinary income under s6.5 as mentioned in the case discussion (Pattenden, and Twite, 2008). Again according to the case of FCT v Haass (1999) 99 the receipt of the receipt of $600,000 is ordinary income under s6.5 based on the verdict as explained. 2. Case Analysis Alan joins ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) as an employee under a two year contract with the remuneration package negotiated with the company. It comprises of fixed salary of $300,000 with other benefits and includes fringe benefits. A mobile phone allowance of $220 every month inclusive of GST and he can use the phone with unlimited usage by paying fixed sum monthly. The phone is used by Alan for office purpose (Pattenden, and Twite, 2008). The company also makes a payment of $20,000 annually as school fees for his children and it is GST free. The company also provided latest handset of the mobile phone to Alan and it cost to the company $2000 inclusive of GST. The company organized a dinner party at a local Thai restaurant at the end of the year for all the 20 employees and their partners. The cost to the company was $6000 inclusive of GST for the dinner. a) FBT consequences arising out of the above information including FBT liability Fringe benefits are part of the remuneration package that is taxable amount and it is calculated on the gross amount of benefits given to the employees during the assessment year. The concept of fringe benefits is normally related with the benefit of non cash type. The tax calculation for fringe benefits provided is different from the tax calculation for income tax as depends on the benefits given to employees (Henry et al., 2009). The rate of FBT applicable for assessment year 2015-16 is 49% though it will be revised to 47% once the TBRL (Temporary budget repair levy) in the assessment year 2017-18. There are exclusion where no liability of FBT is imposed and it includes salary of employees, contribution to superannuation and other benefits related with remuneration. In addition the below benefits are exempted from FBT as stated by FBTAA and they are Expenses related with employee relocation Exempt loans Remote area housing expenses Work related expenses Expenses related with exempt car payments Expenses in Tools and certain equipments related to work Minor benefits with taxable income under $300 There are 13 types of benefits recognized by FBTAA and they are Property related benefits Car benefits Car parking benefits Loan related benefits Debt waiver benefits Housing benefits Living away from Home allowance benefit Board benefits Airline transport benefits Expense payments benefits Meal entertainment benefit Residual fringe benefits Tax-exempt body entertainment Based on the case analysis it is evident that mobile bills provided as part of the remuneration package would not be considered for FBT taxation as the mobile is used by Alan for office purpose only and it will be exempted under FBTAA as it is part of Work related expenses (Woellner et al., 2016). Further the handset provided by the employer is also not liable for FBT as it represent Expenses in Tools and certain equipments related to work. Thus mobile bill of $220 and handset cost of $2000 would not attract FBT. The school fees is the expense the employee is liable to pay initially but if such amount was paid by the company than it attract FBT under the category expense payment fringe benefit covered under the 13 benefits recognized by FBTAA (Kraal, Yapa, and Harvey, 2008). Thus $20,000 borne by ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) for school fess and free of GST is liable for tax under type 2 of FBT. The dinner party in Thai restaurant provided by the company at the end of the year to the employees and partners, it is assumed that the meal was not given during office hours and liable for FBT as it is recognized as one of the 13 types of benefits stated by FBTAA categorized as Meal entertainment benefit (Kraal, Yapa, and Harvey, 2008). Thus $6000 borne by ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) for dinner is liable for FBT. Calculation of FBT for Expense payment fringe benefit School fees free of GST = $ 20,000 FBT taxable value = $ 20,000 X 1.8868 = $ 37736 FBT Liability = $ 37736 X 47% = $ 17736 Meal entertainment benefit Dinner = $ 6000 FBT taxable value = $ 6000 X 1.1 X 2.0802 X 50% = $ 7551 FBT liability = $ 7551 X 47% = $ 3549 Total FBT liability for assessment year ending 31st March 2016 was sum of Expense payment fringe benefit and Meal entertainment benefit i.e $ 17736 + $ 3549 = $ 21285 b) Difference in answer if ABC only had 5 employees The answer in case of A would differ if the number of employees is reduced to 5. In taht case the dinner payment paid by ABC Pty Ltd (ABC) would naturally decrease. Thus the FBT would also be less proportionately (Reinhardt and Steel, 2006). If cost for 20 people amounted to $6000 then cost of dinner for 5 people would be $6000/20X 5 and it amounts to $ 1650 for the company, so the FBT would calculated as Dinner = $ 1650 FBT taxable value = $ 1650 X 1.1 X 2.0802 X 50% = $ 1888 FBT liability = $ 1888 X 47% = $ 887 c) Difference in answer if clients of ABC also attended the end of year dinner Based on the FBTAA the answer in case of A would be that FBT is imposed on meals provided by the company at the end of year to employees. If such dinner was attended by the clients of ABC then based on FBTAA the FBT is imposed on the benefits provided to employees as part of Meal entertainment benefit stated in 13 types of benefits mentioned in the FBTAA and it covers employees and their associates (Reinhardt and Steel, 2006). It does not cover the clients of ABC so the company is not liable to FBT in the amount pertaining to the dinner related with the clients. Thus it can be concluded that there would be any marked difference as far as the FBT calculation and amount is concerned. It is a separate issue not related the FBT of employees. References Barkoczy, S., Rider, C., Baring, J. and Bellamy, N., 2010. Australian Tax Casebook. CCH Australia Limited. Fong, C. and Pinto, D., 2006. Research Guide to International Tax: An Australian Perspective, A. J. Austl. Tax'n, 9, p.82. Fong, C., 2002. Taxation Scholarship in Australia and New Zealand: A Preliminary View. J. Austl. Tax'n, 5, p.306. Henry, K., Harmer, J., Piggott, J., Ridout, H. and Smith, G., 2009. Australias future tax system. Canberra, Commonwealth Treasury. Kraal, D., Yapa, P.S. and Harvey, D., 2008, May. The impact of Australias Fringe Benefits Tax for cars on petrol consumption and greenhouse emissions. In Australian Tax Forum (Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 91-223). Nethercott, L., Richardson, G.A. and Devos, K., 2010. Australian Taxation Study Manual: Questions and Suggested Solutions. CCH Australia Limited. Pattenden, K. and Twite, G., 2008. Taxes and dividend policy under alternative tax regimes. Journal of Corporate Finance, 14(1), pp.1-16. Reinhardt, S. and Steel, L., 2006. A brief history of Australia's tax system. Economic Round-up, (Winter 2006), p.1. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Qualitative Research in Wilkes

It is not an easy task to find a place in order to observe people and try to understand their interests, needs, and plans. In Wilkes-Barre, there is a public square where people are occupied with a variety of thoughts and activities, and each period of time has its own characteristics and peculiarities.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Qualitative Research in Wilkes-Barre specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even the days of the week may influence people’s mood and attitude to the reality. Observing one day from lives of the senior citizens in down town (it is Friday), it is possible to understand how unique and predictable the life of an ordinary person may be. A number of international students leave their hotel rooms and go to the college to meet their purposes and get the required education. Though not all of them are eager to start studying right now, they remember about their duties and their roles i n society, this is why it seems to be reasonable to buy a cup of coffee and drink it while walking to save time. In fact, there are many activities made by people which may be used to understand better social problems and challenges as well as human needs and interests. For example, it is clear that people are in need of more time in their lives. They have to hurry up days and nights to be in time at work or home. They find it normal to drink juice or coffee walking or have a quick lunch at the restaurants. Still, the importance of weather is huge indeed. It influences human mood and activities considerably. For example, when the weather is fine, people like to walk through the squire and enjoy the surroundings. They are eager to communicate and discuss the latest news. In spite of the fact that people have some obligations (to work, to study, to be a good husband/wife), all of them are ready to entertain and be an appropriate part of society. Social norms are usually considered by people as it is observed that even at the nighttime, police officers supervise other people and control the conditions at bars and at the streets. Each restaurant on the square aims at defining people into separate social groups: for example, elderly people are the visitors of the Irish bar, students find it interesting to go to the Hardware bar, and people from the high class enjoy the services offered in the Rodalonds bar. The vast majority of people are happy, and their happiness may be predetermined by different factors, still, the main point is that Friday is today, and tomorrow will be that cherished weekend when there is no necessity to think about working challenges and duties.Advertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To understand better the essence of human life and the importance of socialization, it is better to communicate with people at the street and ask as many quest ions as possible to learn their interests and demands. For example, the following list of questions may be used to study the chosen group of people at the public square: What makes you visit the square right now? Is it a necessity? A task? A duty? A personal desire? Interest? What do you find the most captivating thing at this place? Do you have a chance to visit any place in the city? Why or why not? What do you think about people around? Do you think the square should be improved? What changes are necessary for this place? Are you satisfied with the living conditions you have? Of course, it is necessary to explain that all these questions are asked purposefully and will be used to understand better the needs of society and define the possibilities to improve the place. As a rule, people of this district are friendly indeed; this is why it is always interesting and pleasant to observe the events on the square. This assessment on Qualitative Research in Wilkes-Barre was written and submitted by user Veronica Alston to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Australia and World War 2 essays

Australia and World War 2 essays Before World War Two, Australia had a strong relationship with Britain and a satisfactory relationship with America but during World War 2 both relationships changed considerably. Britain being a mother country to Australia, Australia had always looked toward Britain for knowledge and advice, so when Britain declared war upon Germany Australia was sure to follow. In Robert Menziess war speech, he proudly acknowledged that he believed that Britain was righteous and that they are supported by the unconquerable spirit of man himself and that the rights of independent people to live their own lives, honest dealing, peaceful settlement of differences and honouring of international obligations were all at stake. Australian troops were sent to Africa to train almost immediately, for 8 months Australian troops had not encountered any battles but Australia had done little to improve their situations for they believed in Britain and what she told them to do. Eventually Britain called upon Australia to defend and to drive back the opposing forces. Australias relationship with Britain was still strong. The first major change between Britain and Australias relationship took place in 1942. Japan with its intentions to expand and the majority of the worlds power occupied in the European war began its campaign, expanding south into the pacific Japan encountered the naval base of Singapore because the base of Singapore was under Britains control, Australia did not fear the Japanese and felt that it was sufficient enough not to recall its troops to defend Singapore, instead Singapore was supported by the remainder of the Australian troops. With the Australian supporting the British who were defending Singapore, Australians believed Singapore was invincible, so when Singapore fell to the Japanese; Australians awakened to a rude shock; Britain was not a strong as Australian believed to be. The realiza ...

The reflection of the case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The reflection of the - Case Study Example Passion is another vital concept to bear when starting a business. A person with the passion to engage in a particular venture is often successful as opposed to an individual who does not engage in it passionately. This is because this passionate person is often optimistic and optimism is vital in business. This is as shown in the case where Vivek Khuller thought of the idea of combining SFX and the Ticketmaster (Wasserman, 1). One of the major points to understand with relation to entrepreneurship is the manner in which the market is developed and divided. In the contemporary business environment, this is referred to as market segmentation. Market segmentation refers to the manner in which a company focuses on a large group of people who are the target market and then figuring out the ones with similar needs and operating with each group differently. After carrying out market segmentation, different approaches are then incorporated to ensure that all the different needs of the various individuals are met. After the entrepreneur establishes in the market, it is vital to ensure that he increases the taskforce that he has. With the increase in the task force, the consequent of this is that the market will extend and every segment gets a manager. This in the case is after Khuller had joined forces with other 5 individuals and consequently had to share the market and profits with them (Wasserman, 9). Another point to consider is concerning the full life cycle in business. This involves carrying out of various steps that assist in determining the condition of the commodity. The first step normally involves the identification of the manners through which customers get to know the commodity. There is then the collection of information about how the consumers use the commodity. Moreover, there is the determination of the expected need of

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study Example Underlying pathology and admission to ED Mrs. S was admitted to the hospital post fall, from bed to floor, complaining of severe pain on her left leg. She got unable to stand or bend due to her left leg. From her past history, Mrs. S became placed on a five leads cardiac monitor and her blood samples got taken. Her chest, pelvis and left hip x-ray got organised. The results obtained indicated her chest x-ray as clear, but with complete dislocation of the femoral prosthesis from the acetabular cup. Multiple dislodge metallic wiring also got noted. She then got diagnosed as having a dislocated left prosthetic hip which was reduced by gentle traction in ED. Goals of treatment The goals of treating Mrs S dislocated left prosthetic hip got set as; relieving her from pain, help her hip joint work better, and improving her walking and other movements (Kneale & Davis, 2005). Like other patients who suffer from hip dislocation, Mrs S undergoes groin and hip pain. Her pain emanates from her co mplete dislocation of her femoral prostheses from the acetabular cup. The treatment intends to reduce and control the pain. It is vital that Mrs S got provided with pain medication. Once this goal becomes achieved, the patient can undergo the rest of the medication process in a relaxed state. Another aim of her treatment was to get Mrs S left prosthetic hip to work better. Through gentle traction, Mrs S left hip prostheses should get back to its anatomical position in the acetabular. Once this repositioning gets achieved, Mrs S hip would get back to perform its range of muscular movement operations. The treatment focuses on stretching and strengthening the muscles that surround the hip joint. This allows the hip to gain back its strength and motion. When repositioning of the dislocated left hip prosthesis gets achieved, Mrs S should get to improve her walking and other movements. The goal of the treatment is to allow Mrs S to participate in activities such as walking. Increasing the patient’s mobility will allow her to live a more fulfilling life. The aforementioned treatment goals for Mrs S got achieved through providence of pain medication and gentle traction (Kneale & Davis, 2005). After evaluation of her pain, Mrs S got administered with sufficient analgesia. While at the ED, the patient got administered with intravenous morphine to relieve her off her pain. To improve her mobility and relocate her dislocated prosthesis, gentle traction of the leg with mild sedation helped to achieve the goals (Valle, 2010). Role of technology The first technology employed in the treatment of Mrs S was the 5 lead cardiac monitor. The cardiac monitor got used as part of the patient’s physical examination tests (Marx et al, 2010). This monitor got used to test and check for problems with the electrical activity of the patient’s heart. This monitor translates the hearts electrical activity into waves on a paper. The 5 lead cardiac monitor got used in the treatment of the patient to check if her heart’s electrical activity was okay. The monitor helps to indicate whether the electrical impulse within the heart gets conducted normally. The use of X ray technology on Mrs S’s chest, pelvis and left hip assists to provide the internal structure of these parts of the

The Positive Behavioural Support Education Essay

The Positive Behavioural Support Education Essay The last twenty has seen the emergence from Applied Behavioural Analysis of Positive Behavioural Support.ABS was Established in the 1960s as a science which produces behavioural changes from its learning principles. They are then systematically applied in order to bring about behavioural changes which are socially important (Cooper. Heron Heward,1987).In the late 1980s and early 1990s PBS was being developed using methods and concepts in a generalised concept of strategy of support and intervention from ABA. This strategy was intended to reduce behavioural problems and enhance a persons quality of life ( E.Carr et al.,2002).PBS owes a lot of its methodological, conceptual and technological roots from ABA, and so is indebted to ABA for this and this is well understood (E.Carr et al ., 2002).A lot of behavioural analysiss who are conspicuous contributors in ABS initially trained in ABA and they still maintain very close links with ABA.PBS is still in terms of data required and the for mation of new theoretical frameworks as it tries to establish it self as a fully distinct science in its infancy. Although due to the unique and substance of PBSs critical features it warrants a separate identity (E.Carr et al.,2002;Dunlap,2004).The links are vital and numerous between ABA and PBS ( Risley,2003).At an individual level is the debt that PBS owes to ABA at its most oblivious especially in the direct intervention practices at procedural level. With the use of the principles of instrumental methods , the use of stimulus control and positive reinforcement. And even extends to intervention technology and the considerable assessments that were developed by the ABA, in the early years. This technology includes contingency management, antecedent manipulations, refined strategies of instruction, Functional assessment and functional analysis.PBS have also adapted times series designs and methods of direct observations which are used extensively in ABA. While PBS embraces perspe ctives and traditions beyond ABAs, its service delivery is indisputably similar (J.Carr Sidener,2002;Dunlap,2004;Wacker Berg,2002).In 1968 the Journal of Applied Behavioural Analysis was founded. With its founding editor Montrose Wolf 1968-1970, and Todd Risley as editor 1972-1974,these two editors were responsible for the innovative and dynamic characteristics that were in that journal. And were in turn with their colleges were largely responsible for the shaping ABA as a discipline. Through their own research publications and the early years at the Journal of Behavioural Analysis, Risley and Wolf led the way in the development of the model of action oriented field research (Fixsen Dunlap,2004).This model is based on experimental methods and rigorous measurements, a great deal of this models uniqueness is associated with these seven appealing characteristics. 1.To solve serious human problems with a complete focus on practical solutions. 2.Messages from research should be direct and simple, Quest for Parsimony. 3.Solutions identified in research should benefit individuals in life altering ways, or large portions of society in a quest for meaningful impact. 4.Obliging research design to conform to situations and to putting solutions before the strictures of the science. 5.Recognise that in anolog contexts solutions are not real solutions in real human problems, ecological validity. 6.Having a commitment to collaborate with the community, colleges research participants and students in understanding that solutions and ideas are communal and a social phenomena. 7.Ideas are more important than any ideology. With this model of applied research the message is clearly that its important to be completely open to hopefully useful perspectives, and to be restrained by disciplinary and conceptual insularity is counterproductive. Wolf and Risley with the use of these seven characteristics in applied science, enabled them to answer critical problems.Strenghthen the vigour and potency of interventions, by the development of the achievement place group home model. And with the idea of social validation. Wolf with his colleges changed the previous restrictions of hard direct observation data (Wolf,1978).The achievement place group members with the use of systematic consumer imput to supplement the usual evidence .Where then able to refine the residential service model, and also able to replicate their findings successfully many times due to its robustness (Fixsen,Blasà ©,Timbers Wolf,2001).Without the use of social validation data this scaling up would not have been possible. Risley although a founding member of ABA showed the same ability to move beyond his disciplines limitations in his quest for answers to critical questions. Risley with Betty Hart (Hart Risley,1995) used unconventional descriptive statisti cs and data collection techniques to produce very important findings, associated with the development of young childrens language. Risley also conceived of behavioural support happenings at a larger life arrangements level. With interventions being formulated on whom and where a person on a daily bases interact with. And what they do in terms of play, work and social commerce (Risley,1996).The scientific precepts of ABA did not foresee the conceptualisation, but it shows the spirit and dynamic model of action oriented problem solving of Wolf, Risley and others created in the 1960s and 1970s.The cornerstone of PBS is the life arrangements approach by Risley. The experimental analysis of behaviour and the scientific techniques of behaviour by the early founders of ABA provided a valuable service (Sidman,1960;Skinner,1953) in the field of real human problems. Some of the founders of ABA created a dynamic and creative model of problem solving field based research, by going beyond the th is act of tranlation.whilst at the same time maintaining the many benefits and scientific orientation that were produced by early ABA. By creating additional strategies or adopting some, to defeat barriers in their way that were diminishing their effectiveness or understanding. Risley and Wolf are oblivious examples although there are and were others. The techniques and methods of ABA are essiential.But the pioneers that used the dynamic problem solving approach in ABA has also been adopted by people in PBS and should be maintained by them in order to help find new solutions that affect human well being. There is mounting concern over the challenging behaviours displayed by the numbers of young children in early childhood settings (Squires Bricker,2007).Behaviours such as tantrums,biting,yelling,hitting,withdrawal or noncompliance. Which are major barriers to effective social networks and their development of social compliance (Campbell,Specker,Burchinal,Poe The NICH, Early Child Care Research Network; Dunlap et al.,2006;Wood,Cowan Baker,2006).A childs typical development consists of these challenging behaviours in the early years, for instance a two year old child will yell when refused a biscuit or sweet. A three year old child will take a toy and then hit the other child. But these behaviours should then diminish as the child develops emotional and social regulation, language and their skills at cognitive problems increase (Campbell,1995;Tremblay et al.,2004).Approximately 10% of children continue in their preschool years to exhibit these challenging behaviours (Kuperschmidt,Br yant Willoughby,2000).This figure rises if the children are from low income families (Qi Kaiser,2003).For children who exhibit severe and/or sustained challenging behaviours the outcome is bleak. Challenging behaviours long term negative outcomes may not be limited to and can include social rejection, drug abuse, academic failure and the commission of crime in adulthood (Patterson, Reid Dishow,1992). The development pathway that leads to anti social behaviours and social conduct disorders has been shown by research to be established in the preschool years (Webster-straton,2000).Young children who are at risk of displaying patterns of challenging behaviour in preschool have a need for early intervention. In America there is such a federally funded programme called P.L. 99-457 which came about in 1986.This is an early childhood special education service or intervention. In where a child is at risk or has disabilities. But this service are not always provided for all of the chidren, who display emotional and/or social behavioural problems. Due to idiosyncrasies with the lack of assessment methods and/or systematic screening (Conway Brown,2004;Powell,Fixsen,Dunlap,Smith Fox,2007).These services when they are provided have been reactive rather proactive (Conway brown,2004).Interventions have been based on a response to a single childs disruptive behaviour. Without taking steps to reduce the likelihood of other children in the classroom developing challenging behaviour patterns. Whilst this is important for remedying severe problem behaviour in one child, it does little to reduce similar patterns of behaviour in other children. as it doesnt address their needs.Families,researchers and preschool teachers are looking for the implementation of a research based comprehensive intervention programmes. To prevent the emergence of problem behaviours by young children (Gillam Shaber,2006;Joseph Strain,2003). Preschool teachers however continue to voice the opinion tha t a childs challenging behaviour is their biggest concern (Alkon,Rambler MacLennan,2003;Joseph Strain,2003) In a recent report (Gilliam Shaber,2003) demonstrated that teachers do not have the support for early interventions that they need. The figure that rates for expulsion in preschool children are 3.2 times higher than for school age children shows this (Gilliam Shaber,2006).Child expulsion rates dropped though when preschool teachers had access to mental health consultants who are based in the classroom. These rates dropped specifically if this support was available on an ongoing bases. Other research has also supported these results, that it is important to have access to mental health specialists and the support they offer to preschool teachers. As the teachers try to manage social emotional development and challenging behaviours of young children 9Alkon et al.,2003;Duda,Dunlap,Fox,lentini Clarke,2004). A Consultant will work with a teacher in consultation for preschool children, in order to strengthen teaching strategies. With the use of environmental arrangements that are associated with childrens emotional functioning and social skills (Dougherty,2000).In a comprehensive multi systems level approach, the consultant may also work with other service related personnel and administrators. In a system level approach such as in procedures and policies for example, teachers schedules, data management and referral practices. This can help support the assessment, identification and the prevention of and intervention for challenging behaviours.Teachers,young children and early childhood service delivery arrangements can benefit from a fully comprehensive system wide model. That involves consultation in order to prevent challenging behaviour by young children, through preventative support. Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) is one such multi comprehensive approach which is team based. That sh ows promise and has been well tested especially in preschool settings (Conroy Brown,2004;Fox,Dunlap Powell,2002).PBS is a multi system wide model used in the reduction of challenging behaviours. The PBS model consists of three levels of prevention and intervention, within a programme setting or a school setting, depending of the needs of the children (Carr et al.,2002).At the first level of prevention all the children are provided with a predictive and safe environment. The focus being on trying to build relationships which are positive (Fox,Dunlap,Hemmeter,Joseph strain,2003).The physical design of the classroom also gets attention, the schedule which is followed regulary.Then there is also verbal interactions with the families, children and other teachers (Fox,et al.,2003).Along with this the children are shown clearly defined expectations. Such as the use of listening ears, safe hands and the use of quiet voices inside. These techniques are taught specifically in a large group instruction class, such as circle time (Stormont et al.,2005).These are often displayed on posters placed in the classroom walls for the children and others to look at and refer too. Then these may become classroom rules, normally there would be three to five classroom rules with accompanying posters or pictures. Which is the recommended amount, then normally every day the children are especially taught these expectations with nonexamples and examples of rule following behaviours (Stormont et al .,2005).At the second level of support which involves targeted interventions of a small group of children, who have displayed some deficits in challenging behaviours and/or social skills (Howken Horner,2003).In a classroom of young children, the programme consists of small group activities such as buddy or peer group programmes. Or strategies that are implemented by the teacher, that are used throughout the day. For instance by offering support by the teacher to the child when they are usi ng self regulation strategies (Fox et al.,2003). And in the low risk group, for children who display low intensity behaviours. Second level strategies operate in the most efficient way with small groups of children. It is at the tertiary or top level of intervention, where children are not responding to preventive attempts. Or who display severe and/or chronic challenging behaviours is individualised interventions offered. These individualised interventions should be culturally and socially appropriate, practical and come form Functional Behaviour Assessments FBA (Lewis Sugai,1999,Sugai et al.,2000).Another key feature of PBS can include the use and formation of leadership teams. Who should use in order to monitor progress data based procedures (Albin,Lucyshyn,Horner Flannery,1996).This team should consist of assistant and lead classroom teachers,families,mental health specialists, related service personnel and administrators. All of whom should work frequently with preschool teac hers to support childrens emotional and social development. The procedures used to collect data must look at the organizational structure, that is the routines and schedules that they use (Fox Little,2001;Stormont et al.,2005).PBS is a model that has a continuum of supports such as the first, second and then tertiary or top levels of prevention and intervention. Research seems to show that it needs at least 80% implementation to be effective (Scott Martinek,2006).What this means in effect is piecemeal or partial implementation may put the whole programme at risk. And its effectiveness to make targeted change and then to maintain this change over time. In conclusion looking at the research PBS can offer real help and support for the children displaying this challenging behaviour. Their teachers and importantly the families as they try to cope with this, in what can be a very disruptive and hard to deal with problem behaviour. But like every thing in this current climate, its trying to find the necessary resources for programme. which is going to be a major set back for any school that wants to implement this programme. Especially as the programme needs at least an 80% implementation rate to be fully effective.

Social Worlds in Blood Brothers, by Willy Russell :: Blood Brothers Willy Russell Social Class Essays

Social Worlds in Blood Brothers Explore how the theme of different social worlds is presented in Blood Brothers by Willy Russell. What comments might Russell be making about his twins You should write about  · Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons  · Edward and Mickey  · The Policeman  · The Narrator This essay is about the play Blood Brothers by Willy Russell. I will be discussing the two main female characters in the play, Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons and how they take part in the important events of the play. I am also going to look at other aspects, like their social statuses and how each receive different treatment altogether from others surrounding them. This will help me evaluate how Willy Russell has presented different social worlds to the audience, and how they are seen. Also I am going to be seeing how Willy Russell’s background could possibly affect his views. Blood Brothers is the tale of two twin brothers who are secretly separated at birth and are forced to live very different lives apart from each other. Upon growing up these two brothers, upon chance, meet each other and strike up a friendship together, while all along being totally ignorant to their fraternity. This can only end in tragedy, as this terrible secret being kept from them cannot stay hidden for ever, so in the end both brothers end up dying together in an inevitable blood bath, upon finding out about the hidden secret. Because the play appears to have been set in the 1970’s/ 1980’s, around Liverpool, there is a lot about striking and major redundancies in it. Also, about people moving out of the city to the country (i.e. Skelmersdale), for a better life and good job prospects. This kind of situation seems to emulate what happened to the director Willy Russell during his childhood, as he too moved from the very much industrialised area around Liverpool. Upon moving out into the country he says that â€Å"compared to Huyton it was paradise† which seems to show his dislike of industrial areas such as Huyton. At the beginning of the play there is a prologue which is designed to show how fate is meant to play an important role ion the play. The prologue is the ending of the play read out at the beginning. So, in giving the audience the ending at the beginning they begin to feel the story’s elements locking together as the play wears on. This makes for the audience in having a terrible awareness of what is to happen, so tragically, to the brothers and also gives a very strong sense of fate’s hand in the disaster, which reinforces the importance of

Batman vs. the Bull

You might say that he Is collecting nonsense which Is Just for fun because he Is a child playing a child's game. He Is running through a forest collecting the rubbish. In fairy tales forests are usually a place where everything can happen. It Is a place where the hero Is away from home and I not In control of things happening. It Is also a place for change. Running through the forest Casey meets a man. The man seems to know where Casey can find more rubbish to win the game. Casey takes his hand and follows the man in the belief that there is more rubbish to be found so that he can win over the other children.Sticking to the idea that the rubbish he is collecting is nonsense which is just for fun as in a child's game, Casey is following the man searching for more time to add to his childhood. Going further and further into the forest Casey finds out that there is no more rubbish and that the man has been lying to him. Casey turns around and runs away from the man who is following him. Case's attempt to reach the safety of the garden from which he came fails. He has passed a point of no return in his process of growing up. He is no longer allowed into the garden of safety and childhood.When the man catches Casey he turns into a lull. â€Å"The man was engorged, muscles ripping his clothes and meat spewing out of the torn seams. Two great horns curled out of his forehead, and his eyes filled with black ink. His shoes disintegrated as the cloven feet within split the leather† (II. 97-100). A bull is one of the shapes which the Greek mythological creature Pan is able to turn into. Pan is particularly known for having seduced several women. He is often associated with sexuality, lust and fertility: â€Å"The bull was right over him, his enormous balls swinging between his legs† (II. 101-102).Pan does also appear In the happen of the devil which the bull is described looking a lot like with the two curled horns on his forehead. The devil is tempting the boy into growing up, and Casey Is trying to stay a child forever. You cannot however stay a child forever, and now the bull Is forcing him to grow up by Introducing him to sexuality. Trying to make the bull let go of him, Casey pulls out his penknife key ring. This Is a symbol of his penis which at this point is very small and Ineffective, because he Is still Just a child. He has not yet grown up and experienced his own sexuality. Up until now the penis has only been for peeing.Casey finds out that the penknife does not work the way he wants It to and therefore he pulls out his samurai sword. This phallus symbolizes that Casey has now grown up and experienced sexuality. HIS penis has grown Into a better functioning weapon to handle life with. Casey kills the bull with his samurai sword which symbolizes that he has grown up and taken over the power of sexuality. After the house and the garden from where he originally came. Casey however chooses to walk the other way symbolizing that he is now a grownup. He turns his back on childhood because no one can stay child forever.

What Is the pH of the Stomach

Your stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, but the pH of your stomach isnt necessarily the same as the pH of the acid. The pH of your stomach varies, from 1-2 up to 4-5. When you eat, the stomach releases enzymes called proteases as well as  hydrochloric acid to aid in digestion. By itself, the acid doesnt really do much for digestion, but the proteases that cleave proteins work best in an acidic environment or low pH, so after a high-protein meal, your stomach pH may drop to as low as 1 or 2. However, buffers quickly raise the pH back to 3 or 4. After the meal has been digested, your stomach pH returns to a resting level of about 4 or 5. Your stomach secretes acid in response to food, so first thing in the morning you can expect a slightly acidic stomach pH, but not an acidic level representative of pure hydrochloric acid. Chemical Composition of Gastric Juice The liquid inside your stomach is called gastric juice. It isnt just acid and enzymes, but a complex mixture of several chemicals. Take a look at the molecules, the cells that make them, and the function of the different components: Water - Water doesnt affect the pH of the stomach, but it does serve to provide enough liquidity that food, enzymes, and acids can readily mix together. Some enzymes require water in order to function.Mucous - Mucous (or mucus) is produced by cells in the mouth. esophagus, and stomach. It eases the passage of food through the gastrointestinal tract and protects the lining of the stomach from being attacked by acid. Neck cells also secrete bicarbonate, which buffers the acid and controls pH.Hydrochloric Acid - This potent acid is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach. It kills bacteria and other potential pathogens in food and converts the enzyme pepsinogen into pepsin, which breaks secondary and tertiary proteins into smaller, more easily digested molecules.Pepsinogen - Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells in the stomach. Once its activated by low pH, it helps digest proteins.Hormones and Electrolytes - Gastric juice also contains hormones and electrolytes, which aid in orga n function, food digestion, and nutrient absorption. The enteroendocrine cells secrete multiple hormones.Gastric Lipase - This is an enzyme made by chief cells in the stomach that aids in breaking up short-chain and medium-chain fats.Intrinsic Factor - The parietal cells of the stomach secrete intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B-12 absorption.Amylase - Amylase is an enzyme found primarily in saliva, where it acts to break down carbohydrates. Its found in the stomach because you swallow saliva as well as food, but it is inactivated by the low pH. Additional amylase is secreted into the small intestine. The mechanical churning action of the stomach mixes everything together to form what is called chyme. Eventually, chyme leaves the stomach and processed to the small intestine so that the acid can be neutralized, digestion can proceed, and nutrients may be absorbed.